What is a Traumatic Brain Injury?
A traumatic brain injury, also commonly referred to as TBI, is the leading cause of brain damage worldwide. It arises from road traffic or sports accidents, accidents at home or work, and blunt force impact such as a fall.
It is separate to an acquired brain injury, which is medical in orgin, such as a stroke or brain tumour.
A traumatic brain injury occurs when there is damage to the brain tissue that disrupts the normal function of the brain. This damage may be 'localised', affecting specific brain areas, or 'diffuse' which is where the damage occurs throughout the brain.
TBI symptoms vary widely from one person to another and may also depend on whether they are linked to the:
- Primary injury, which occurs at the time of injury; for example, a skull fracture or bleeding on the brain.
- Secondary injury, which occurs after the initial injury. It can be caused by oxygen not reaching the brain in enough quantity, or increased pressure inside the skull due to brain swelling after a TBI.


